G4-Fluxes

\[G_4\]

-fluxes are at the heart of F-theory model building.

Constructors

We currently support the following constructor:

g4_flux — Method

g4_flux(model::AbstractFTheoryModel, class::CohomologyClass; convert::Bool = false)

Construct a G4-flux candidate on an F-theory model. This functionality is currently limited to

Weierstrass models,
global Tate models,
hypersurface models.

Furthermore, our functionality requires a concrete geometry. That is, the base space as well as the ambient space must be toric varieties. In the toric ambient space $X_\Sigma$, the elliptically fibered space $Y$ that defines the F-theory model, is given by a hypersurface (cut out by the Weierstrass, Tate or hypersurface polynomial, respectively).

In this setting, we assume that a $G_4$-flux candidate is represented by a cohomology class $h$ in $H^{(2,2)} (X_\Sigma)$. The actual $G_4$-flux candidate is then obtained by restricting $h$ to $Y$.

It is worth recalling that the $G_4$-flux candidate is subject to the quantization condition $G_4 + \frac{1}{2} c_2(Y) \in H^{/2,2)}( Y_, \mathbb{Z})$ (see [Wit97]). This condition is very hard to verify. However, it is relatively easy to gather evidence for this condition to be satisfied/show that it is violated. To this end, let $D_1$, $D_2$ be two toric divisors in $X_\Sigma$, then the topological intersection number $\left[ h|_Y \right] \cdot \left[ P \right] \cdot \left[ D_1 \right] \cdot \left[ D_2 \right]$ must be an integer. Even this rather elementary check can be computationally expensive. Users can therefore decide to skip this check upon construction by setting the parameter check to the value false.

Another bottleneck can be the computation of the cohomology ring, which is necessary to work with cohomology classes on the toric ambient space, which in turn define the G4-flux, as explained above. The reason for this is, that by employing the theory explained in [CLS11], we can only work out the cohomology ring of simpicial and complete (i.e. compact) toric varieties. However, checking if a toric variety is complete (i.e. compact) can take a long time. If the geometry in question is involved and you already know that the variety is simplicial and complete, then we recommend to trigger the computation of the cohomology ring with check = false. This will avoid this time consuming test.

Let us mention that you can also supply the option convert = true. This will turn the provided cohomology class into the basis chosen internally.

An example is in order.

Examples

julia> qsm_model = literature_model(arxiv_id = "1903.00009", model_parameters = Dict("k" => 4))
Hypersurface model over a concrete base

julia> cohomology_ring(ambient_space(qsm_model), check = false);

julia> g4_class = cohomology_class(anticanonical_divisor_class(ambient_space(qsm_model)))^2;

julia> g4f = g4_flux(qsm_model, g4_class)
G4-flux candidate
  - Elementary quantization checks: satisfied
  - Transversality checks: not executed
  - Non-abelian gauge group: breaking pattern not analyzed
  - Tadpole cancellation check: not executed

julia> g4f2 = g4_flux(qsm_model, g4_class, check = false)
G4-flux candidate
  - Elementary quantization checks: not executed
  - Transversality checks: not executed
  - Non-abelian gauge group: breaking pattern not analyzed
  - Tadpole cancellation check: not executed

julia> cohomology_class(g4f2)
Cohomology class on a normal toric variety given by 2*x5*e2 + 4*x5*u + 6*x5*e4 + 4*x5*e1 + 2*x5*w + 2*x6*e2 + 4*x6*u + 6*x6*e4 + 4*x6*e1 + 2*x6*w + 2*x7*x12 + 2*x7*e2 + 4*x7*u + 6*x7*e4 + 4*x7*e1 + 2*x7*w + 8*x8*x23 + 4*x10*x23 - 4*x15*x26 + 2*x15*e2 + 4*x15*u + 6*x15*e4 + 4*x15*e1 + 2*x15*w - 2*x16^2 + 2*x16*e2 + 4*x16*u + 6*x16*e4 + 4*x16*e1 + 2*x16*w - 22*x17*x24 + 4*x17*e2 + 8*x17*u + 12*x17*e4 + 8*x17*e1 + 4*x17*w - 10*x18^2 + 7//2*x18*x25 + 4*x18*e2 + 8*x18*u + 12*x18*e4 + 8*x18*e1 + 4*x18*w + 6*x19*e2 + 12*x19*u + 18*x19*e4 + 12*x19*e1 + 6*x19*w + 8*x20^2 + 88//3*x20*x21 - 7*x20*x25 + 4*x20*e2 + 8*x20*u + 12*x20*e4 + 8*x20*e1 + 4*x20*w + 11//3*x21^2 - 77//3*x21*x24 + 4*x21*e2 + 8*x21*u + 12*x21*e4 + 8*x21*e1 + 4*x21*w + 31//3*x22^2 + 5//3*x22*x23 + 97//6*x22*x25 + 4*x23^2 - 8*x24^2 - 17//3*x24*x27 + 2*x24*e2 + 4*x24*u + 6*x24*e4 + 4*x24*e1 + 2*x24*w + 7//2*x25^2 + 2*x25*e2 + 4*x25*u + 6*x25*e4 + 4*x25*e1 + 2*x25*w - 2//3*x26*x27 + 5//3*x27^2 + 2*x27*e2 + 4*x27*u + 6*x27*e4 + 4*x27*e1 + 2*x27*w + x28^2 - 7//3*x29^2 + 5*e1*w

julia> g4f3 = g4_flux(qsm_model, g4_class, check = false, convert = true)
G4-flux candidate
  - Elementary quantization checks: not executed
  - Transversality checks: not executed
  - Non-abelian gauge group: breaking pattern not analyzed
  - Tadpole cancellation check: not executed

julia> cohomology_class(g4f3)
Cohomology class on a normal toric variety given by 2*x5*e2 + 4*x5*u + 6*x5*e4 + 4*x5*e1 + 2*x5*w + 2*x6*e2 + 4*x6*u + 6*x6*e4 + 4*x6*e1 + 2*x6*w + 2*x7*x12 + 2*x7*e2 + 4*x7*u + 6*x7*e4 + 4*x7*e1 + 2*x7*w - 4*x15*x26 + 2*x15*e2 + 4*x15*u + 6*x15*e4 + 4*x15*e1 + 2*x15*w - 2*x16^2 + 2*x16*e2 + 4*x16*u + 6*x16*e4 + 4*x16*e1 + 2*x16*w - 6*x17*x24 + 4*x17*e2 + 8*x17*u + 12*x17*e4 + 8*x17*e1 + 4*x17*w - 10*x18^2 - 1//2*x18*x25 + 4*x18*e2 + 8*x18*u + 12*x18*e4 + 8*x18*e1 + 4*x18*w - 8*x19*x20 + 6*x19*e2 + 12*x19*u + 18*x19*e4 + 12*x19*e1 + 6*x19*w + 8*x20^2 + 56//3*x20*x21 + x20*x25 + 4*x20*e2 + 8*x20*u + 12*x20*e4 + 8*x20*e1 + 4*x20*w + 19//3*x21^2 - 13//3*x21*x24 + 4*x21*e2 + 8*x21*u + 12*x21*e4 + 8*x21*e1 + 4*x21*w - 1//3*x22^2 + 1//3*x22*x23 - 7//6*x22*x25 + 7//3*x24*x27 + 2*x24*e2 + 4*x24*u + 6*x24*e4 + 4*x24*e1 + 2*x24*w - 1//2*x25^2 + 2*x25*e2 + 4*x25*u + 6*x25*e4 + 4*x25*e1 + 2*x25*w - 2//3*x26*x27 + 5//3*x27^2 + 2*x27*e2 + 4*x27*u + 6*x27*e4 + 4*x27*e1 + 2*x27*w + x28^2 + 1//3*x29^2 + 5*e1*w

Experimental

This function is part of the experimental code in Oscar. Please read here for more details.