# Introduction

The commutative algebra part of OSCAR provides functionality for dealing with

• multivariate polynomial rings and their ideals,
• quotients of multivariate polynomial rings by ideals, as well as ideals of such quotients,
• localizations of the above rings and their ideals, and
• modules over all rings above.
Note

Fundamental to most functions described below is the concept of standard bases. Each such basis is defined relative to a monomial ordering. If this ordering is a well-ordering, a standard basis is also called a Gröbner basis.

Note

Every multivariate polynomial ring in OSCAR comes equipped with a monomial ordering according to which the polynomials are stored and displayed. Independently of this ordering, standard bases can be computed with respect to any monomial ordering: The groebner_basis and standard_basis functions provided by OSCAR allow us to specify the desired monomial ordering as a key word argument.

Note

OSCAR provides functionality for equipping multivariate polynomial rings with gradings by finitely presented groups. Most functions discussed below apply to both ungraded and graded polynomial rings. For simplicity of the presentation in this documentation, however, they are often only illustrated by examples with focus on the former case, but work similarly for homogeneous ideals and graded modules in the latter case.

Note

Our main focus in this chapter is on multivariate polynomial rings over fields (exact fields supported by OSCAR). Where not indicated otherwise, the presented functions also apply to polynomial rings over $\mathbb Z$.

General textbooks offering details on theory and algorithms include: